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The main challenge of the steel industry for the next decade is the steel production transformation process, starting in Europe. The CO 2 intensive blast furnace/basic oxygen furnace (BOF) route will be substituted by a combination of Direct Reduced Iron (DRI), based on natural gas, later on "green" hydrogen, with an Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) or a …
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During steel production, the impurities in the hot metal react with the fluxes forming the steel slag. Chemical constituents of this steel slag (SS) are relevant to iron/steelmaking or blended cement manufacture. Harmful impurities present in it, however, limit its recycling to these applications. Japan, Europe, and the US consume a …
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The internal recycling process of BOF slag which is one of the huge solid wastes from iron and steel industry was emphasized. Based on the four scenarios of different internal recycling strategies for BOF slag, life cycle assessment (LCA) as a valuable tool for industrial solid waste management was applied to analyze the …
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Iron and steel manufacturing industry has been capturing CO 2 from its flue gas with carbon-trapping technologies (e.g.: amine scrubbing, electrostatic precipitator) and recycling their waste products within the plant itself to limit excess handling and transportation of waste to disposal facilities. The iron and steel slags, which are by …
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1 INTRODUCTION. Blast furnace slag (BFS) and steel slag (SS), as industrial solid wastes produced in the process of steel-making, account for 80%–90% of …
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Copper slag, a waste solid produced in the copper smelting process, is a high-quality secondary resource with huge output. The recycling and utilization of copper slag is of great interest because it avoids the loss of valuable metals and the threat of harmful metals, and saves a lot of natural resources and energy. This paper firstly …
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Industrial solid waste refers to all solid waste derived from industrial processes. Industrial solid waste, on the one hand, may lead to environmental risk and safety issue; on the other hand, contains valuable recyclable resources. Taking copper slag as a case study, the life cycle environmental and economic performance of recycling …
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A clear quantitative assessment is crucial for process selection and optimization. At present, the quantitative evaluation of SLFP recycling mainly focuses on life cycle assessment (LCA) and economic evaluation (EE), while scant studies concentrate on the systematic, comprehensive evaluation (CE) of the four recycling processes (Ciez …
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1 INTRODUCTION. Blast furnace slag (BFS) and steel slag (SS), as industrial solid wastes produced in the process of steel-making, account for 80%–90% of the total smelting slag. [] BFS accounts for about 30% of pig iron output, [] while SS accounts for 10%–15% of the crude steel output. [] SS comprises various slags, …
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account for 80%–90% of the total smelting slag.[1] BFS accounts for about 30% of pig iron output,[2] while SS accounts for 10%–15% of the crude steel output.[3] SS comprises …
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The Waste Framework Directive 2008/98/EC also regulated the recycling of iron and steel slags. Fig. 6 shows the recycling of blast furnace slag for 2018. The production volume …
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In a pathway based on energy recovery and resource recycling of glassy blast furnace slag and crystalline steel slag, we show that a reduction of 28.5 ± 5.7% …
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Recycling: Following removal of entrained metal, slag can be returned to the blast and steel furnaces as ferrous and flux feed, but data on these returns are incomplete. Entrained metal, particularly in steel slag, is routinely recovered ... 2020, world iron slag production was estimated to be between 310 million and 380 million tons, and steel ...
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DOI: 10.1002/cnl2.137 Corpus ID: 270465764; Recycling of iron and steel slag for carbon reduction and low‐environment load application @article{Xu2024RecyclingOI, title={Recycling of iron and steel slag for carbon reduction and low‐environment load application}, author={Ying Xu and Enshuo Li and Chenguang …
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The secondary slag hardness is lower than that in Case 2 but still quite high. Therefore, it is concluded that Case 1, in which lower flux additions and lower temperature are employed, is better suited for recycling of the initial slag into pig iron and secondary slag phase by achieving desired properties of the two products.
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This article presents a comprehensive review of electric arc furnace (EAF) slag recycling in the United States, examining its classification and the associated challenges and opportunities of its industrial use. ... the review explores modern technologies for steelmaking slag recycling, revealing options for recovering valuable …
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3.3. Physical properties. The typical copper slag is generally black or dark brown in colour and its density is in the range of 3.2 – 4.5 g/cm 3, mainly depending on the content of Fe (Sarfo et al., 2017b).The average true density of copper slag is approximately 3.8 g/cm 3, which is denser than the ordinary natural aggregates (Shi et al., 2008). ...
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Steelmaking plants continuously strive to reduce the environmental load in the steelmaking process, resulting in the recycling of energy, water, and other byproducts. In this chapter, techniques for the treatment and recycling of metallurgical slags are …
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Understanding the waste streams properties to reuse them. To achieve the 2 °C climate goal proposed in refs. 4,5, the iron and steel sector will need to reduce the emission intensity from 1.58 ...
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Steelmaking slag, an important metallurgical by-product, is composed of a large amount of valuable components, including CaO, Fe t O, MnO, and MgO, all of which are required in the steelmaking ...
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The electric arc furnace steelmaking route is essential for sustainable steelmaking through hydrogen-based direct reduced iron. About 30% of the global steel production currently follows the scrap/direct reduced iron–electric arc furnace (DRI-EAF) route, which is bound to increase given decarburization efforts by the steel industry. We …
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The Waste Framework Directive 2008/98/EC also regulated the recycling of iron and steel slags. Fig. 6 shows the recycling of blast furnace slag for 2018. The production volume was 20.7 Mta, of which 86.0 % was sand slag from …
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Iron Unit Recycling On a weight basis, steel is the most recycled material in use today (Figure 3-1). The 70 million net tons of ... this option has become increasingly costly. For example, the disposal of residues presently costs integrated ... blast furnace: molten iron and slag. Ironmaking: Blast Furnace Slag
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Handheld XRF and WDXRF are good options for elemental and metals analysis to ensure slag is environmentally safe. ... During the fluxing process, slag removes the non-ferrous constituents from the molten iron, which purifies the product. Magnesium (Mg) is typically found in concentrations ranging from 1% to 10%, aluminum (Al) from …
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In the production of iron, the blast furnace is charged with iron ore, fluxing agents, usually limestone and dolomite, and coke as fuel and the reducing agent. The iron ore is a mixture of iron oxides, silica, and alumina. From this and the added fluxing agents molten slag and iron are formed.
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The increasingly stringent European regulation and the ever-higher disposal costs currently affect manufacturing industries, leading them to strengthen their efforts in order to improve the recycling rate of their by-products and waste [].Iron- and steelmaking by-products result from the processes producing steel by two main routes: the iron ore-based …
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Recycling: Following removal of entrained metal, slag can be returned to the blast and steel furnaces as ferrous and flux feed, but data on these returns are incomplete. Entrained metal, particularly in steel slag, is routinely recovered ... 2021, world iron slag production was estimated to be between 340 million and 410 million tons, and steel ...
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Slag is a mainly non-metallic by-product that is made up of silicates, alumina silicates, calcium aluminum silicates, and iron oxides (Joulazadeh and Joulazadeh, …
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