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An experienced SAG mill operator or metallurgist can recognize the trends in operating conditions associated with various operating states that may impact SAG mill grinding performance.
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In a large-scale operation, feed ores are introduced into the AG/SAG mill in a continuous mode at a given flow rate to replace the discharging slurry. Nonetheless, the variations in the feed characteristics, typically hardness and size distribution, could cause sudden disruption to the mill operation. This would be challenging to detect in practice, …
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Pilot scale testing is essential for designing AG milling circuits. Photo: . Alternatives to SAG mills: Going fully autogenous SAG mill-based flowsheets typically have high greenhouse emissions (GHG) associated with two stages of grinding. This makes alternative flowsheets that include autogenous mills or single-stage grinding more …
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Single stage AG/SAG milling; AG/SAG mills as a primary grinding stage in a circuit with or without additional stages of comminution; ... The original SAG mill control …
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"A subpar control system could lead to an up to 20% efficiency loss by failing to meet throughput or grind targets," noted Rajiv Chandramohan, global technical director, Process Optimization and Debottlenecking, at Ausenco. ... energy than AG/SAG mill circuits," agreed Green, although
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Additional applications of machine learning to SAG modeling put the focus on the control of SAG grinding mill circuits, predicting power consumption [90,91], ... Morrel, S.; Valery, W. Influence of Feed Size on AG/SAG Mill Performance. In Proceedings of the SAG 2001, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 30 September–3 October 2001; pp. …
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SAG mill model. The dynamic model of an AG/SAG mill includes several interlinked sub-process modules, and these modules can be updated individually. As shown in Fig. 1, the mill is divided into n sections, where m is the section number and q is the transported material. All sections have the same length, and each section contains a …
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The operation of AG/SAG mills is sensitive to mill filling, therefore developing grindcurves to relate mill filling to performance indicators such as throughput, power draw, and product size can ...
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As primary grinding units which receive feed directly from crushers, industrial AG/SAG mills are difficult to control and stabilise owing to the variability of the feed ore characteristics in terms of hardness (work index), ... Due to the unfriendly environment of AG/SAG mill operations, as well as the opaque nature of the mill shells, direct ...
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The JKMRC has been studying and modelling industrial AG and SAG mills for over 40 years, but the ability to simulate the effects of blending hard and soft components on mill performance remains quite limited.In an effort to quantify these effects for modelling purposes, a series of laboratory, pilot scale and full scale tests, using multi-component …
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e) AG/SAG Mill Theory - Text and graphics explaining grinding definitions, the fundamentals of AG and SAG mills, mill control strategies, techniques for handling problems with overviscous pulps and effects of variation of mill speed, ball load and total mill charge on throughput and output quality.
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index by using values from an operating circuit. Its value is only valid at the stated SAG product size. • Transfer size (T80) is the term used to describe the SAG mill product that is sent to the ball mill. For peak performance and balancing the power available in the SAG mill and ball mill, the transfer size must be measured and controlled.
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A SAG mill is used to grind and crush large pieces of rock into smaller pieces of rock, gravel, or dust. It is commonly used in the mining industry. Q2. How does a SAG mill work? A SAG mill uses a combination of impact and attrition to grind the material. The grinding media in a SAG mill are larger than in a ball mill, and there are fewer of ...
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The process requirements for a particular application can also influence the choice between a SAG or AG mill. For example, if the application requires a high degree of control over the grinding process, a SAG mill may be more suitable due to its ability to handle larger volumes of ore and larger grinding media. On the other hand, if the process ...
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2. Background. The SAG grinding process has been modeled by various authors, either generating explanatory models of the grinding process, with the aim of modeling, simulating, and optimizing the individual process, as well as integrating it into aggregate processes, such as the mine-to-mill (M2M) paradigm, a practice that has …
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mill feed instead of the AG/SAG mill. It boosts the throughput of the AG/SAG mill (because there is no recycle), but loads the ball mills instead. Often an existing plant that …
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Experimental set-up of laboratory AG/SAG mill with mill control PC, signal monitoring PC, and acoustic system. Mill charge consisting of 2 kg of ore sample, 860 ml water (∼70 wt% solid loading), and 5 kg of 23 steel balls [(size = ∼ 4 cm), fractional volumetric ball filling J b = 10.2 vol%] were used for the study ( Amelunxen et al., 2014 ).
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Control of -SemiAutogenous Grinding(SAG) mill weight is an example of an important process that exhibits many of these aspects. Maintaining the SAG mill weight at the …
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SAG/AG milling option is ideal for starter projects with significant exploration and expansion potential. Currently a number of the largest SAG mills designed are installed in single stage configuration. This paper discusses the challenges associated with the process design of single stage SAG/AG milling circuits, the design flexibility required to
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Advanced Process Control Systems. With systems, there is an assumption that any issues in the plant's control system will be resolved once the system is installed. …
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and the broader holistic approach to mill control are discussed. The ROM SAG mill circuit—a brief description The typical ROM SAG mill circuit is depicted in Figure 1. The circuit is usually closed with either a screen or, more commonly, a cyclone for product size classification. The focus of control can be divided into two parts, viz. the
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Model Predictive Control for SAG and Ball Mill Control Real-time optimization based on a model predictive controller is considered a better approach to SAG and ball mill control. inputs, and to solve for the best set of control actions on a …
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Table 3 A summary of RoM ball and SAG mill test conditions. Test AG T1 AG T2 RoM ball T3 RoM ball T4 Plant feed rate, tph 675 683 712 799 F80, mm 44.8 42.9 18.9 47.8 Mill filling, % volumetric 47. ...
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5 where: Mib and Mia are the "fine" and "coarse" laboratory grindability metrics, respectively, P80 and F80 are the milling circuit product and feed sizes, respectively, µm, K is a calibration parameter of 0.95 for pebble crushing or 1.0 for no pebble crushing Barratt model: Barratt (1979) published a three-parameter model based on a copper porphyry mine
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For 30 years ag/sag milling world-wide has seen steady growth and has reached the point of pre-eminence in terms of the preferred comminution route. ... In most peoples mind control invokes images ...
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Single stage AG/SAG milling; AG/SAG mills as a primary grinding stage in a circuit with or without additional stages of comminution; ... The original SAG mill control loop, a mill motor power draw set point of 5200 Amperes controlling the coarse ore feeder speeds, was soon found to give excessive variation in the mill ore charge volume and ...
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SAG Mill Circuit Example — Gold Processing SAG mill circuit example for gold processing [image: (135-6-3)] AG/SAG Mill. AG/SAG mills are normally used to grind run-off-mine ore or primary crusher product. Wet …
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Different feed characteristics induce unique charge dynamics inside AG/SAG mill that requires a reliable control measure to achieve process optimization. ... Acoustic sensor frequencies and mill ...
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SAG Mill Circuit Example — Gold Processing SAG mill circuit example for gold processing [image: (135-6-3)] AG/SAG Mill. AG/SAG mills are normally used to grind run-off-mine ore or primary crusher product. Wet …
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• Control • Mill Design . 3.1 Circuit Design . Ag/sag milling has now been accepted to the point where it is the favoured choice in nearly all new projects. For many years, however, the ...
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